adjective N5 essential casualpolitewritten

い-adjectives — 〜い describing words (present, negative, past)

い形容詞いけいようし

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Meaning

An い-adjective is a mini-predicate: たかい already means "is expensive," so it needs no です to make a sentence. Politeness is added on top; the grammar — negative, past — is carried inside the word.

Key sentence

This shop is cheap.

Formation

Attaches toFormExample
Present (dictionary) 〜い たかい (is expensive)
Negative 〜い → 〜くない たかくない (isn't expensive)
Past 〜い → 〜かった たかかった (was expensive)
Past negative 〜くない → 〜くなかった たかくなかった (wasn't expensive)
Adverb 〜い → 〜く たかく (high / expensively)
Polite add です after any plain form たかいです・たかくなかったです

When: Politeness is added by placing です after any plain form (たかいです, たかくないです); the adjective itself does not change for politeness. Do not use だ with an い-adjective (×たかいだ).

Examples

This book is expensive.
present + polite です
The ramen at that shop isn't very expensive.
negative 〜くない
Yesterday's test was hard.
past 〜かった
That movie wasn't interesting.
past-negative + polite
Every morning I get up earlier.
adverb 〜く modifying a verb

When you can't use it

Easily confused with

Notes

See い形容詞 in real sentences

Jengo shows い形容詞 the way you actually meet it: inside real Japanese sentences, so it sticks instead of staying an abstract rule.

Study it in Jengo

See also

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