other N2 common politewritten
〜上 — from the standpoint of / in terms of ~
〜上 ・ じょう
Meaning
- in terms of ~ / from the standpoint of ~ / for ~ reasons — a suffix forming an abstract viewpoint or domain
Key sentence
それは法律上の問題だ。
That's a legal matter (a problem in terms of the law).
Formation
| Attaches to | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Noun (forming fixed compounds) | N + 上(じょう) | 仕事上 / 健康上 / 立場上 |
When: Formal and written, in set compounds (法律上, 教育上, 経験上). Not freely attached to any noun the way 〜について is.
Examples
健康上の理由で退職した。
He resigned for health reasons.
立場上、その質問には答えられません。
Given my position, I can't answer that question.
Easily confused with
Notes
- Read じょう, not うえ. The reading matters: 〜上 means 'in terms of ~,' while 〜上で means 'after / upon doing ~' — same kanji, different grammar.
See 〜上 in real sentences
Jengo shows 〜上 the way you actually meet it: inside real Japanese sentences, so it sticks instead of staying an abstract rule.
Study it in JengoSources Compiled with reference to A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar. Editorial confidence: medium.