modality N4 essential casualpolitewritten

なければならない — must ~ / have to ~

なければならない
Builds on なければ

Meaning

Key sentence

I have to turn in the homework by tomorrow.

Formation

Attaches toFormExample
Verb (ない-form, drop い) V-なけれ + ばならない く → かなければならない / する → しなければならない
Noun / na-adjective N/na-adj + でなければならない 学生がくせいでなければならない

When: The ならない version leans formal or states general rules; the contractions are everyday speech.

Variants

なければいけない ならない vs いけない are interchangeable; いけない feels a touch more personal/spoken, ならない more rule-like. なきゃ / なくちゃ casual contractions — かなきゃ, かなくちゃ; the ならない/いけない is often dropped entirely.

Examples

You must take the medicine after meals.
Someone has to do this job.

Easily confused with

See なければならない in real sentences

Jengo shows なければならない the way you actually meet it: inside real Japanese sentences, so it sticks instead of staying an abstract rule.

Study it in Jengo

Sources Compiled with reference to A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar, A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar, A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar.

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