connective N1 uncommon writtenpolite
並びに — and
並びに ・ ならびに
Meaning
- and / as well as — links nouns or phrases in formal, official language
Key sentence
氏名並びに住所をご記入ください。
Please fill in your name and address.
Formation
| Attaches to | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Between nouns or noun phrases | N 並びに N |
When: Official notices, contracts, ceremonies, and formal correspondence.
Examples
会長並びに役員一同が出席した。
The chairman and all the officers were in attendance.
父並びに母の同意が必要だ。
The consent of both father and mother is required.
Easily confused with
及び In careful legal drafting, 及び joins items within the same small group, while 並びに joins those groups to a further group — a deliberate hierarchy. In everyday formal writing they overlap. 〜と と is the everyday 'and' for nouns. 並びに is its stiff, written equivalent. かつ かつ stacks two attributes of one thing ('safe and reliable'). 並びに lists two separate nouns.
See 並びに in real sentences
Jengo shows 並びに the way you actually meet it: inside real Japanese sentences, so it sticks instead of staying an abstract rule.
Study it in JengoSources Compiled with reference to A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar.