Goal route

Casual & Spoken Japanese Grammar

The spoken route. The patterns that fill conversation, anime and drama but get a single line in textbooks — contractions (ちゃう, とく), the sentence-ending particles that carry all the attitude, and the casual connectives that hold informal speech together.

Following anime, dramas and real conversation without subtitles.

852
grammar points on this route
761
with a full written guide
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Start here

Casual & spoken assumes the foundations below. Start with these — they're ordered most-useful-first.

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Foundations — the shared spine · assumed by this route, start here if you're new

The full route

4 stages, ordered so each builds on the last. A filled dot marks a point with a full written guide; hollow dots are mapped, their guide still being written.

1 Spoken essentials — start here 83 points
からまで
from ~ to ~
N5 particle kara-made
だけ
only / just ~
N5 particle dake
〜は〜が
topic は, subject が within it
N5 particle wa-ga
へいく
to go to ~
N5 particle he-iku
しか
only
N5 particle shika
every role of the particle に
N5 particle ni
marking a point in time
N5 particle ni-5
じゃなかった
was not ~ (casual past negative copula)
N5 copula janakatta
〜は〜だ
topic-comment: X は Y だ
N5 copula wa-da
te-form of だ/です: 'being ~, and ...'
N5 copula de-3
まだていません
have not ~ yet
N5 aspect mada-te-imasen
がほしい
to want (a thing)
N5 modality ga-hoshii
たほうがいい
had better ~ / should ~
N5 modality ta-hou-ga-ii
ないほうがいい
had better not ~
N5 modality nai-hou-ga-ii
なくてもいい
don't have to ~
N5 modality naku-temo-ii
なくてはいけない
must ~
N5 modality nakute-wa-ikenai
なくてはならない
must ~
N5 modality nakute-wa-naranai
んです
explanatory のだ (polite spoken)
N5 modality n-desu
quotative と
N5 quotation to-quotative
くて
te-form of an i-adjective: is ~ and
N5 connective kute
にいく
go to do ~ (purpose)
N5 connective ni-iku
そして
and / and then
N5 connective soshite
それから
and then
N5 connective sore-kara
また
again
N5 connective mata
すぐ
immediately
N5 adverbial sugu
とても
very (affirmative)
N5 adverbial totemo
まだ
still
N5 adverbial mada
もう
already
N5 adverbial mou
もっと
more
N5 adverbial motto
いっしょに
together
N5 adverbial issho-ni
があります
there is ~ (polite)
N5 other ga-arimasu
がある
there is ~ (inanimate)
N5 other ga-aru
がいる
there is ~ (animate)
N5 other ga-iru
になる
to become ~
N5 other ni-naru
ある
to exist (inanimate)
N5 other aru
いる
to exist (animate)
N5 other iru-3
この
adnominal demonstrative: this ~
N5 other kono
さん
polite title suffix
N5 other san
なる
to become
N5 other naru
くる
to come (irregular verb)
N5 other kuru
かどうか
whether (or not)
N4 particle ka-dou-ka
〜たり〜たり
do such things as ~ and ~
N4 particle tari-tari
〜たり〜たりする
do things like ~ and ~ (full pattern)
N4 particle tari-tari-suru
より
than / from
N4 particle yori
でも
even ~ / ~ or something
N4 particle de-mo
までに
by (a deadline)
N4 particle made-ni
〜ようとする
try to ~ / be about to ~
N4 aspect you-to-suru
〜ようにする
make an effort to ~
N4 aspect youni-suru
〜ようになる
come to ~ / reach the point where ~
N4 aspect youni-naru
しまう
to put away / finish
N4 aspect shimau
なければ
if not ~
N4 conditional nakereba
やすい
easy to ~
N4 auxiliary yasui
〜ようとおもう
be thinking of ~ing / intend to ~
N4 modality you-to-omou
ほうがいい
~ is better / it'd be better to ~
N4 modality hou-ga-ii
ことができる
can / be able to ~
N4 modality koto-ga-dekiru
つもり
intend to ~
N4 modality tsumori
ないといけない
must ~
N4 modality nai-to-ikenai
なければいけない
must ~
N4 modality nakereba-ikenai
なければならない
must ~ / have to ~
N4 modality nakereba-naranai
のだ
explanatory のだ / んだ
N4 modality no-da
ようだ
it seems / looks like ~
N4 modality youda
とおもう
to think that ~
N4 quotation to-omou
という
called ~ / the ~ that
N4 quotation to-iu
かた
way / manner of doing ~
N4 nominalizer kata
られる
passive られる: the subject is acted upon
N4 passive rareru-2
あとで
after ~
N4 connective ato-de-2
ても
even if ~ / even though ~
N4 connective te-mo
ばあい
in the case of ~ / if ~
N4 connective baai
しかし
however / but
N4 connective shikashi
だから
so / therefore
N4 connective dakara
ないで
without ~ing / don't ~
N4 connective nai-de
なくて
not ~ and / because not ~
N4 connective nakute
のために
for the sake of / because of
N4 connective no-tame-ni
ように
like ~ / so that ~
N4 connective youni
ぜんぜん
(not) at all (with negative)
N4 adverbial zenzen
ごろ
around / about (a point in time)
N4 other goro
こんな
adnominal demonstrative: this kind of
N4 other konna
にする
decide on ~ / make it ~
N4 other ni-suru
れんたいしゅうしょくせつ
noun-modifying (relative) clause
N4 other relative-clause
ほど
extent / degree
N3 particle hodo
について
about / concerning
N3 particle ni-tsuite
ために
in order to (purpose)
N3 connective tame-ni
ぜったいに
absolutely
N3 adverbial zettai-ni
2 Core conversational patterns 582 points
sentence-final の: explanatory tone or soft question
N5 particle no-2
のなかでがいちばん
among ~, ~ is the most ~
N5 particle no-naka-de-ga-ichiban
particle か: 'or'
N5 particle ka-2
なにかなにも
something / anything / nothing
N5 particle nani-ka-nani-mo
particle に marking the agent/source
N5 particle ni-4
よね
~ right?
N5 particle yo-ne
だれかどこか
someone / no one, somewhere / nowhere
N5 particle dareka-dokoka
たことがある
have done ~ before
N5 aspect koto-ga-aru
すぎる
too much / excessively ~
N5 auxiliary sugiru
ちゃいけない
must not ~
N5 modality cha-ikenai
なくちゃ
gotta ~
N5 modality naku-cha
のがじょうず
to be good at ~ing
N5 nominalizer no-ga-jouzu
のがへた
to be bad at ~ing
N5 nominalizer no-ga-heta
あまり
not very ~
N5 adverbial amari
たくさん
a lot / many
N5 adverbial takusan
どう
how / in what way
N5 adverbial dou
どうして
why
N5 adverbial doushite
どうやって
how / by what means
N5 adverbial douyatte
どうぞ
please / go ahead / by all means
N5 interjection douzo
ちゃん
affectionate name suffix 〜ちゃん
N5 other chan
たち
plural suffix for people
N5 other tachi
どんな
what kind of ~
N5 other donna
をつかって
using
N5 other o-tsukatte
まえ
front / before (noun)
N5 other mae
すきだ
to like
N5 other sukida
すくない
few / not much
N5 other sukunai
しる
to know
N5 other shiru
いる
to need
N5 other iru-4
〜か〜か
whether ~ or ~
N4 particle ka-ka
かな
sentence-final 'I wonder / I hope ~'
N4 particle kana
からつくる
made from ~ (raw material whose form changes)
N4 particle kara-tsukuru
ずつ
~ each
N4 particle zutsu
でできる
made of ~ (material)
N4 particle de-dekiru
とと、どちらが
between ~ and ~, which is more ~?
N4 particle to-to-dochira-ga
とかとか
things like ~ and ~
N4 particle toka-toka
のなかで
among / of all ~
N4 particle no-naka-de
も〜も
both ~ and ~ / neither ~ nor ~
N4 particle mo-mo
いがい
other than ~
N4 particle igai
ほうが
the ~ one / the ~ side (selecting an option)
N4 particle hou-ga
かしら
sentence-final 'I wonder ~'
N4 particle kashira
とか
things like ~ (casual examples)
N4 particle toka
sentence-final な expressing emotion or seeking agreement
N4 particle na-2
なあ
sentence-final particle of emotion/admiration/wishing
N4 particle naa
など
and so on / etc.
N4 particle nado
particle も: even ~
N4 particle mo-2
listing nouns non-exhaustively ('and, among others')
N4 particle ya
particle を marking the space/path traversed
N4 particle o-2
particle を marking the point of departure/separation
N4 particle o-3
まえから
from before / for a while now
N4 particle mae-kara
はのひとつだ
~ is one of the ~
N4 copula wa-no-hitotsu-da
たところ
just (finished) ~ing
N4 aspect ta-tokoro
たばかり
just ~ed
N4 aspect ta-bakari
ていく
(aspect) to go on doing
N4 aspect iku
ていた
was ~ing
N4 aspect te-ita
ているところ
in the middle of ~ing
N4 aspect teiru-tokoro
てくる
(aspect) begin to ~
N4 aspect kuru-2
とく
colloquial contraction of 〜ておく
N4 aspect toku
るところだ
about to ~
N4 aspect ru-tokoro-da
だす
suddenly start ~ing / burst into ~ing
N4 aspect dasu
はじめる
begin to ~ / start ~ing
N4 aspect hajimeru
つづける
continue ~ing
N4 aspect tsuzukeru
てある
(something) has been done and remains so
N4 aspect te-aru
ておく
do ~ in advance / in preparation
N4 aspect te-oku
なくなる
come to no longer ~
N4 aspect naku-naru
おわる
finish (doing)
N4 aspect owaru
なかったら
if there is no ~
N4 conditional nakattara
のなら
if ~ (given what you say)
N4 conditional no-nara
がる
show signs of / outwardly display a feeling
N4 auxiliary garu
くする
to make (something) ~
N4 auxiliary ku-suru
させてください
please let me ~
N4 auxiliary sasete-kudasai
たがる
to show signs of wanting to ~
N4 auxiliary tagaru
ちまう
colloquial/rough 〜てしまう: end up ~ing / do completely
N4 auxiliary chimau
ちゃう
colloquial 〜てしまう: do completely / end up ~ing
N4 auxiliary chau
てくれない
won't you ~? / can I get you to ~? (request)
N4 auxiliary te-kurenai
てやる
(casual benefactive) do something for someone (inferior/inti
N4 auxiliary yaru
かする
to turn into ~ / -ize
N4 auxiliary ka-suru
にくい
hard to ~
N4 auxiliary nikui
のような
like
N4 auxiliary no-youna
まっ
completely / deep ~
N4 auxiliary ma-prefix
がひつよう
~ is necessary
N4 modality ga-hitsuyou
ことがある
there are times when ~
N4 modality koto-ga-aru-2
じゃないか
isn't it ~?
N4 modality janai-ka
そうだ
looks like ~
N4 modality souda-2
そうに
looking ~
N4 modality sou-ni
たらどう
why don't you ~?
N4 modality tara-dou
といい
it'd be nice if ~ / I hope ~
N4 modality to-ii
といってもいい
you could say that ~
N4 modality to-ittemo-ii
ないと
have to ~
N4 modality naito
にみえる
to look ~
N4 modality ni-mieru
のだろうか
I wonder if ~
N4 modality no-darou-ka
はずがない
there is no way that ~
N4 modality hazu-ga-nai
はずだ
it should be ~
N4 modality hazu-da
ばよかった
should have ~ / I wish I had ~
N4 modality ba-yokatta
みたい
like ~
N4 modality mitai
みたいに
like ~
N4 modality mitai-ni
〜ような / よな
like ~ / such as ~
N4 modality yona
ようにてほしい
to want (someone to)
N4 modality you-ni-te-hoshii
られる
potential られる: can / be able to
N4 modality rareru-3
よていだ
to plan to ~
N4 modality yotei-da
ひつようがある
there is a need to ~
N4 modality hitsuyou-ga-aru
いい
good / fine
N4 modality ii
ことにする
decide to ~
N4 modality koto-ni-suru
ことになる
it comes to be that ~
N4 modality koto-ni-naru
ことにきめる
decide to ~
N4 modality koto-ni-kimeru
たらどうですか
how about ~ing?
N4 modality tara-do-desuka
だろ
casual contraction of だろう: 'probably ~' / 'right?'
N4 modality daro
てほしい
want someone to ~
N4 modality te-hoshii
てもらいたい
want someone to ~
N4 modality te-moraitai
てよかった
I'm glad that ~
N4 modality te-yokatta
なくては
must ~
N4 modality nakute-wa
なさい
soft imperative: do ~
N4 modality nasai
みたいだ
looks like
N4 modality mitaida
らしい
seems / typical of
N4 modality rashii
られない
cannot ~
N4 modality rarenai
きこえる
be audible / can be heard (spontaneous)
N4 modality kikoeru
ときいた
I heard that ~
N4 quotation to-kiita
そうだ
I hear that
N4 quotation souda
ということ
the fact/idea that ~
N4 nominalizer to-iu-koto
の pronoun: 'one' — stands in for a noun
N4 nominalizer no
nominalizing suffix (degree: 高さ)
N4 nominalizer sa
ところ
point / moment / aspect (nominalizer)
N4 nominalizer tokoro
のこと
about
N4 nominalizer no-koto
のは〜だ
cleft sentence: 'the one who/that ... is ~'
N4 nominalizer no-wa-da
もの
nominalizer for a concrete/tangible thing
N4 nominalizer mono
させる
make/let
N4 causative saseru
せる
causative auxiliary (make/let someone do) for 五段 verbs
N4 causative seru
れる
passive/potential/spontaneous/honorific auxiliary
N4 passive reru
みられる
can see / be seen (potential-passive of 見る)
N4 passive mirareru
しし
~ and ~ (listing reasons/qualities)
N4 connective shi-shi
だけで
just by ~ / with only ~
N4 connective dake-de
ているあいだに
while ~ing
N4 connective te-iru-aida-ni
てくれてありがとう
thank you for ~ing
N4 connective te-kurete-arigatou
てすみません
I'm sorry for ~ing / thanks for ~ing
N4 connective te-sumimasen
ようにいのる
to pray / hope that ~
N4 connective you-ni-inoru
んだけど
~, but / softening preface
N4 connective ndakedo
ばあいは
in the case of ~
N4 connective baai-wa
あいだ(に)
while / during ~ (at some point within a span)
N4 connective aida-ni
うちに
while ~ (before it changes)
N4 connective uchi-ni
けれど
but / however / although
N4 connective keredo
and (what's more) / listing reasons
N4 connective shi
それで
and so
N4 connective sore-de
それでは
well then
N4 connective sore-de-wa
それでも
even so
N4 connective sore-demo
それなら
if that's the case
N4 connective sore-nara
だけど
but / however
N4 connective dakedo
といっしょに
together with
N4 connective to-issho-ni
なくても
even if not ~
N4 connective nakute-mo
については
as for
N4 connective ni-tsuite-wa
のばあい(は)
in the case of
N4 connective no-baai-wa
あんまり
colloquial あまり: '(not) very'
N4 adverbial anmari
いくら
how much / how many
N4 adverbial ikura
いつでも
always / any time / whenever
N4 adverbial itsu-de-mo
きっと
surely / no doubt
N4 adverbial kitto
さっき
a little while ago
N4 adverbial sakki
ずっと
the whole time / by far
N4 adverbial zutto
そんなに
that much / so ~
N4 adverbial sonna-ni
だんだん
gradually
N4 adverbial dandan
どんどん
rapidly / steadily
N4 adverbial dondon
なかなかない
not easily ~
N4 adverbial nakanaka-nai
なるべく
as much as possible
N4 adverbial naru-beku
ほかにも
besides
N4 adverbial hoka-ni-mo
ほとんど
almost / mostly
N4 adverbial hotondo
もうすぐ
soon
N4 adverbial mo-sugu
もし(も)
if
N4 adverbial moshi-mo
いちど
once / one time
N4 adverbial ichido
なにもない
nothing / not anything
N4 adverbial nani-mo-nai
ぜんぜん〜ない
not at all ~
N4 adverbial zenzen-nai
たいへん
very / tough
N4 adverbial taihen
かならず
without fail / always
N4 adverbial kanarazu
ほんとうに
really / truly
N4 adverbial hontou-ni
ひじょうに
extremely / very
N4 adverbial hijouni
おい
hey!
N4 interjection oi
てね
(do) ~, okay? (soft request / reminder)
N4 interjection te-ne
がする
a sound / smell / taste / feeling occurs
N4 other ga-suru
にきがつく
to notice ~
N4 other ni-ki-ga-tsuku
ordinal suffix (三番目 'the third')
N4 other me
かん
for a period of ~ (duration suffix)
N4 other kan
こういう
such
N4 other kou-iu
そういう
that kind of ~
N4 other sou-iu
まま
as it is
N4 other mama
ままで
in the state of ~
N4 other mama-de
やる
to do (casual = する)
N4 other yaru-3
pluralizing/approximating suffix for people
N4 other ra
なんでも
anything / everything
N4 other nandemo
くん
familiar address suffix for juniors and peers
N4 other kun
めいれいけい
the imperative
N4 other imperative
すくなくない
not few / quite a few
N4 other sukunakunai
じどうしたどうし
intransitive vs transitive verb pairs
N4 other jidoushi-tadoushi
みえる
be visible
N4 other mieru
かなにか
~ or something
N3 particle ka-nani-ka
きり
only ~ / and that was the last ~
N3 particle kiri
だけしか
only ~
N3 particle dake-shika
だらけ
covered in ~ / full of ~
N3 particle darake
って
casual って: quotative
N3 particle tte
〜でも〜でも
whether ~ or ~
N3 particle demo-demo
ばかり
only / nothing but ~
N3 particle bakari
ほか
other than / besides ~ (〜のほか)
N3 particle hoka
ちゅう(に)/じゅう(に)
during ~ / within ~ / in the middle of ~
N3 particle chu-ni
いがいは
other than ~ / except ~
N3 particle igai-wa
くらい
approximately
N3 particle kurai
こそ
precisely / it is exactly ~ that
N3 particle koso
さえ
even
N3 particle sae
forceful assertion
N3 particle zo
だい
casual masculine question marker (on wh-questions)
N3 particle dai
だって
even ~
N3 particle datte-2
っけ
...was it? / ...again? (recalling)
N3 particle kke
でさえ
even ~
N3 particle de-sae
では
contrastive topic 'as for / when it comes to ~'
N3 particle de-wa
として
as
N3 particle to-shite
としては
as for / for
N3 particle to-shite-wa
などと
(saying / thinking) things like ~
N3 particle nado-to
などの
(kinds of) ~ such as
N3 particle nado-no
なんか
things like / (dismissively) ~ of all things
N3 particle nanka
なんて
things like ~ / the idea of ~ (citing dismissively)
N3 particle nante
にかけて
over/through (a span: から〜にかけて)
N3 particle ni-kakete
にとって
for / to (from someone's standpoint)
N3 particle ni-totte
には
in order to (purpose)
N3 particle ni-wa
による
due to / depending on ~
N3 particle ni-yoru
contrastive and emphatic は
N3 particle wa
もん
colloquial もの: a reason or excuse with a touch of defiance
N3 particle mon
でもある
is also ~
N3 copula de-mo-aru
かける
to be half-way ~ing / on the verge of ~
N3 aspect kakeru
てばかりいる
to do nothing but ~
N3 aspect te-bakari-iru
ところだ
(aspect) at the point of: about to ~ / in the middle of ~ / just did
N3 aspect tokoro-da
ところだった
was just about to ~
N3 aspect tokoro-datta
ことにしている
make a habit of ~ing
N3 aspect koto-ni-shite-iru
っぱなし
leave ~ (in a state)
N3 aspect ppanashi
がなければ
if there is no ~ / without ~
N3 conditional ga-nakereba
さえば
if only ~
N3 conditional sae-ba
てからでないと
unless you first ~
N3 conditional te-kara-de-nai-to
でないと
if it isn't ~ / unless ~
N3 conditional de-nai-to
でなかったら
if it is not ~
N3 conditional de-nakattara
でなくては
unless it is ~ / it must be ~
N3 conditional de-nakute-wa
でなければ
if it is not ~ / unless it is ~
N3 conditional de-nakereba
でよければ
if ~ is OK (with you)
N3 conditional de-yokereba
ばのに
if only ~
N3 conditional ba-noni
ばほど
the more ~, the more ~
N3 conditional ba-hodo
いくら〜ても
no matter how (much) ~
N3 conditional ikura-temo
たって
even if ~
N3 conditional tatte
できれば
if possible
N3 conditional dekireba
もしもたら
if (were to happen)
N3 conditional moshimo-tara
もしもなら
if (it's the case that)
N3 conditional moshimo-nara
づらい
hard to ~
N3 auxiliary zurai
てごらん
try ~ing
N3 auxiliary te-goran
あがる
to finish ~ing completely
N3 auxiliary agaru-ageru
きる
to do ~ completely / all the way to the end
N3 auxiliary kiru
きれない
cannot finish ~ing / too many to ~
N3 auxiliary kirenai
あう
to do ~ to each other
N3 auxiliary au
てき
-ic / -al
N3 auxiliary teki
なおす
to re-do
N3 auxiliary naosu
こむ
to do ~ thoroughly / repeatedly, or to move ~ inward
N3 auxiliary komu
とおす
to do ~ all the way through
N3 auxiliary toosu
てやる
do ~ for (an inferior/animal)
N3 auxiliary te-yaru
ことだ
should ~ (advice)
N3 modality koto-da
そうにない
very unlikely to ~
N3 modality sou-ni-nai
たものだ
used to ~
N3 modality ta-mono-da
だけだ
it's only ~ / simply ~
N3 modality dake-da
つもりだった
had intended to ~ (but didn't)
N3 modality tsumori-datta
つもりで
with the intention of ~
N3 modality tsumori-de
ているばあいじゃない
this is no time to be ~ing
N3 modality teiru-baai-janai
てもかまわない
it's okay if ~
N3 modality temo-kamawanai
てもはじまらない
it's no use ~ing
N3 modality temo-hajimaranai
てすむ
can settle/manage by just ~ing
N3 modality te-sumu
とする
to assume / regard as ~
N3 modality to-suru
といえる
one can say that ~
N3 modality to-ieru
negative command 'don't ~'
N3 modality na-prohibitive
ないことはない
it's not that one can't ~
N3 modality nai-koto-wa-nai
にかぎる
nothing beats ~
N3 modality ni-kagiru
ばいい
you should ~ / it'd be good to ~
N3 modality ba-ii
ふりをする
to pretend to ~
N3 modality furi-o-suru
べきだ
should ~ / ought to ~
N3 modality beki-da
ようとしない
won't even try to ~
N3 modality you-to-shinai
ようなきがする
to have a feeling that ~
N3 modality you-na-ki-ga-suru
わけがない
there is no way ~
N3 modality wake-ga-nai
かのうせいがある
there is a possibility that ~
N3 modality kanousei-ga-aru
ひつようはない
there is no need to ~
N3 modality hitsuyo-wa-nai
ことになっている
it is the rule that ~
N3 modality koto-ni-natte-iru
ことはない
there is no need to ~
N3 modality koto-wa-nai
しかない
have no choice but to / there's only ~
N3 modality shika-nai
そうになる
almost ~ / was about to ~
N3 modality sou-ni-naru
たまらない
can't stand it / unbearable
N3 modality tamaranai
たらいいか
what should I ~?
N3 modality tara-ii-ka
だろうか
I wonder if ~ / perhaps ~
N3 modality darou-ka
てしかたがない
can't help (feeling) ~
N3 modality te-shikata-ga-nai
てたまらない
unbearably ~
N3 modality te-tamaranai
とはかぎらない
not necessarily ~
N3 modality to-wa-kagiranai
ならない
the bound element in 〜てならない and obligation patterns
N3 modality naranai
なんて
how ~! / what (a) ~! (exclamatory)
N3 modality nante-2
にちがいない
must be / I'm sure ~
N3 modality ni-chigainai
まるでようだ
just like ~
N3 modality marude-you-da
ものだ
general truth / the way things ought to be
N3 modality mono-da
わけだ
that means ~ / no wonder
N3 modality wake-da
わけではない
it's not that ~
N3 modality wake-de-wa-nai
わけにはいかない
cannot (afford to) ~
N3 modality wake-ni-wa-ikanai
しかたがない
it can't be helped / there's no use
N3 modality shikata-ga-nai
あたりまえだ
it's only natural / obvious
N3 modality atarimae-da
かんがえられない
unthinkable / inconceivable
N3 modality kangaerarenai
ということだ
it means that ~
N3 quotation to-iu-koto-da
〜ようにいう
tell someone to ~
N3 quotation youni-iu
んだって
I hear that ~
N3 quotation ndatte
-ness (quality nominalizing suffix)
N3 nominalizer mi
とおり(に)
just as ~
N3 nominalizer toori-ni
れんようけいのめいしようほう
using a verb's masu-stem as a noun: 動く→動き 'movement', 遊ぶ→遊び
N3 nominalizer masu-stem-noun
させられる
be made/forced to do
N3 causative saserareru
おかげで
thanks to ~
N3 connective okage-de
かないか
whether or not ~
N3 connective ka-nai-ka
からだ
it is because ~
N3 connective kara-da
からいうと
speaking in terms of ~
N3 connective kara-iu-to
せいで
because of ~ (and something bad resulted)
N3 connective sei-de
たとたん
the instant ~ / the moment ~
N3 connective ta-totan
だけでなく
not only ~
N3 connective dake-de-wa-naku
だけでなく
not only ~ but also ~
N3 connective dake-de-wa-naku-2
だけでも
even just ~ / at least ~
N3 connective dake-demo
てはいけないから
because you must not ~ (so...)
N3 connective te-wa-ikenai-kara
てもなくても
whether or not ~
N3 connective temo-nakutemo
ではなくて
not ~ (but rather)
N3 connective dewa-nakute
でいうと
speaking in terms of ~
N3 connective de-iu-to
とおなじで
the same as ~
N3 connective to-onaji-de
といっても
even though I say ~
N3 connective to-ittemo
ないうちに
before ~ (happens)
N3 connective nai-uchi-ni
にあわせて
in accordance with / to match ~
N3 connective ni-awasete
にあたる
to correspond to / be equivalent to ~
N3 connective ni-ataru
にくらべて
compared to ~
N3 connective ni-kurabete
のに
for (the purpose of) doing ~
N3 connective noni-2
のあいだに
while ~
N3 connective no-aida-ni
ばかりで
only ~
N3 connective bakari-de
ばかりでなく
not only ~ but also ~
N3 connective bakari-de-wa-naku-3
ほどない
not as ~ as
N3 connective hodo-nai
も〜ば〜も
both ~ and ~
N3 connective mo-ba-mo
かわりに
instead of ~ / in exchange for ~
N3 connective kawari-ni
さいちゅうに
right in the middle of ~
N3 connective saichuu-ni
とちゅうで
on the way
N3 connective tochuu-de
あと
besides / and also (afterthought)
N3 connective ato
いくらでも
no matter how much / いくらでも any amount
N3 connective ikura-demo
おかげ
thanks to / owing to (a good outcome)
N3 connective okage
くせに
even though
N3 connective kuse-ni
ことは
admittedly ~, but ~
N3 connective koto-wa
さて
well then
N3 connective sate
すると
thereupon / and then
N3 connective suru-to
せい
the fault / cause of (something bad)
N3 connective sei
そうすると
if that's the case / and then
N3 connective sou-suru-to
そこで
and so
N3 connective soko-de
そのため
therefore / for that reason
N3 connective sono-tame
そのために
for that purpose / to that end
N3 connective sono-tame-ni
そのけっか
as a result
N3 connective sono-kekka
それと
and
N3 connective sore-to
それとも
or
N3 connective soretomo
それに
besides
N3 connective sore-ni
ただ
only / but
N3 connective tada
たとえても
even if ~
N3 connective tatoe-temo
ためだ
it is because / it is for ~
N3 connective tame-da
たらすぐ
as soon as ~
N3 connective tara-sugu
たらすぐに
as soon as ~
N3 connective tara-sugu-2
だって
because
N3 connective datte
ついでに
while at it
N3 connective tsuide-ni
つまり
in other words
N3 connective tsumari
というと
speaking of ~
N3 connective to-iu-to
というのは
the reason is that ~
N3 connective to-iu-no-wa
というふうに
in such a way that
N3 connective to-iu-fu-ni
というより
rather than ~
N3 connective to-iu-yori
といえば
speaking of ~
N3 connective to-ieba
ときには
at times
N3 connective toki-ni-wa
ところが
however
N3 connective tokoro-ga
ところで
by the way (topic shift)
N3 connective tokoro-de
とすぐに
as soon as ~
N3 connective to-sugu-ni
とすると
assuming that
N3 connective to-suru-to
とおなじくらい
about the same as ~
N3 connective to-onaji-kurai
どんなにても
no matter how
N3 connective donna-ni-temo
なしで
without ~
N3 connective nashi-de
にしては
for / considering
N3 connective ni-shite-wa
にしても
even if / even granting that
N3 connective ni-shite-mo
になると
when it becomes / when it comes to ~
N3 connective ni-naru-to
によると
according to
N3 connective ni-yoru-to
にくらべると
compared to ~ (when you compare)
N3 connective ni-kuraberu-to
のだから
because (as you know) ~
N3 connective no-da-kara
のかわりに
instead of ~ / in place of ~ / in exchange for ~
N3 connective no-kawari-ni
たとえば
for example
N3 connective tatoeba
わりに(は)
considering ~
N3 connective wari-ni-wa
たびに
every time
N3 connective tabi-ni
とたん(に)
the moment that ~
N3 connective totan-ni
ごとに
each / every ~
N3 adverbial goto-ni
ぶりに
for the first time in (a period)
N3 adverbial buri-ni
ぎみ
-ish / a touch of / showing signs of ~
N3 adverbial gimi
あまりにも
far too ~
N3 adverbial amari-ni-mo
おきに
at intervals of
N3 adverbial oki-ni
かなり
quite / considerably
N3 adverbial kanari
さっぱり
not at all / no idea
N3 adverbial sappari
しばらく
for a while
N3 adverbial shibaraku
せいぜい
at most
N3 adverbial seizei
せっかく
with effort / a precious chance
N3 adverbial sekkaku
せめて
at least (if only)
N3 adverbial semete
それぞれ
each
N3 adverbial sorezore
それだけ
that much
N3 adverbial sore-dake
たった
only / just (emphasising how small)
N3 adverbial tatta
たまには
once in a while
N3 adverbial tama-ni-wa
だいたい
roughly / mostly
N3 adverbial daitai
ちっとも
not at all
N3 adverbial chittomo
ちゃんと
properly
N3 adverbial chanto
っぽい
-ish / has the quality of ~
N3 adverbial ppoi
つい
unintentionally
N3 adverbial tsui
とうとう
finally / in the end
N3 adverbial toutou
とても〜ない
cannot possibly ~
N3 adverbial totemo-nai
とにかく
anyway / in any case
N3 adverbial tonikaku
どうか
please
N3 adverbial dou-ka
どうしても
no matter what
N3 adverbial doushitemo
どんなに
(no matter) how much / however ~
N3 adverbial donnani
なかなか
quite / impressively
N3 adverbial nakanaka
なぜか
for some reason
N3 adverbial naze-ka
なんと
how ~! / would you believe ~!
N3 adverbial nanto
なんとか
somehow / one way or another
N3 adverbial nan-to-ka
ほとんどない
hardly / almost never ~
N3 adverbial hotondo-nai
まさか
surely not / no way
N3 adverbial masaka
まるで
just like (paired with ようだ)
N3 adverbial marude
むしろ
rather / if anything
N3 adverbial mushiro
めったに
rarely / seldom
N3 adverbial metta-ni
もしかしたら
perhaps / maybe
N3 adverbial moshika-shitara
もともとの
original / initial
N3 adverbial motomoto-no
やっと
finally / at last
N3 adverbial yatto
やっぱり
as expected (casual)
N3 adverbial yappari
やはり / やっぱり
as expected
N3 adverbial yahari-yappari
わざわざ
go out of one's way to ~
N3 adverbial wazawaza
いちどに
all at once
N3 adverbial ichido-ni
まったく
completely / utterly
N3 adverbial mattaku
まったくない
not at all
N3 adverbial mattaku-nai
べつにない
not particularly
N3 adverbial betsu-ni-nai
すこしも
not in the slightest
N3 adverbial sukoshi-mo
すこしも〜ない
not in the least
N3 adverbial sukoshi-mo-nai
いがいと
unexpectedly / surprisingly
N3 adverbial igai-to
もっとも
most (the superlative)
N3 adverbial mottomo
けっして
never / by no means
N3 adverbial kesshite
たしかに
certainly / indeed
N3 adverbial tashika-ni
けっきょく
in the end / after all
N3 adverbial kekkyoku
けっこう
quite / fine (no thanks)
N3 adverbial kekkou
さあ
well
N3 interjection saa
なるほど
I see / indeed
N3 interjection naruhodo
かんけいがある
to be related to ~
N3 other kankei-ga-aru
になれる
to get used to ~
N3 other ni-nareru
はでゆうめい
~ is famous for ~
N3 other wa-de-yuumei
さゆうする
to influence / determine ~
N3 other sayuu-suru
むき
suited for / facing ~
N3 other muki
じしん
oneself / itself (emphatic)
N3 other jishin
こういった
such
N3 other kou-itta
なん〜も
as many as ~ / many ~
N3 other nan-mo
はんご
rhetorical question
N3 other rhetorical-question
じぶん
oneself / myself
N3 other jibun
あたり
around ~ / approximately ~
N2 particle atari
からにかけて
from ~ through ~ / over the range of
N2 particle kara-ni-kakete
だけは
do at least ~
N2 particle dake-wa
のうちで
within ~
N2 particle no-uchi-de
ぶり
after an interval of ~ (三年ぶり 'first time in 3 years')
N2 particle buri
ぶん
the portion/amount of ~
N2 particle bun
ぬきで
without ~
N2 particle nuki-de
ったら
speaking of ~ (exasperated/emphatic topic)
N2 particle ttara
といった
such as
N2 particle to-itta
とは
what is called ~ (definition)
N2 particle to-wa
にも
にも — even/also to (emphatic に+も)
N2 particle ni-mo
にむかって
toward
N2 particle ni-mukatte
としても
even if ~
N2 conditional to-shite-mo
かぎり
as long as ~
N2 conditional kagiri
たって
even if one tries to ~
N2 conditional tatte-2
ぬく
to do ~ all the way through (despite hardship)
N2 auxiliary nuku
かのようだ
as if ~
N2 modality ka-no-you-da
かのように
as if / as though ~
N2 modality ka-no-youni
っこない
there's no way ~
N2 modality kkonai
てしょうがない
can't help (feeling) ~
N2 modality te-shou-ga-nai
てとうぜんだ
it's only natural that ~
N2 modality te-touzen-da
というものだ
that's what ~ really is
N2 modality to-iu-mono-da
というものではない
it's not necessarily that ~
N2 modality to-iu-mono-dewa-nai
というわけではない
it's not that ~
N2 modality to-iu-wake-dewa-nai
どころではない
this is no time for ~ / far from ~ing
N2 modality dokoro-de-wa-nai
なくてすむ
to get by without ~ing
N2 modality nakute-sumu
なくはない
it's not that ~ isn't so
N2 modality naku-wa-nai
にきまっている
must be / it's bound to be ~
N2 modality ni-kimatte-iru
にこしたことはない
there's nothing better than ~
N2 modality ni-koshita-koto-wa-nai
のもとうぜんだ
it's only natural that ~
N2 modality no-mo-touzen-da
ものがある
there really is something ~ about it
N2 modality mono-ga-aru
もとうぜんだ
it's only natural that ~
N2 modality mo-touzen-da
たらいいのに
I wish ~
N2 modality tara-ii-noni
ないわけにはいかない
cannot help but ~
N2 modality nai-wake-ni-wa-ikanai
ものではない
one should not ~
N2 modality mono-de-wa-nai
とうぜんだ
it is natural/obvious that ~
N2 modality touzen-da
とか
I heard that ~
N2 quotation toka-2
かというと
as for whether ~ / when it comes to ~
N2 connective ka-to-iu-to
かとおもうと
just when ~ / no sooner... than
N2 connective ka-to-omou-to
からこそ
precisely because ~
N2 connective kara-koso
からして
judging even from ~ / starting with ~
N2 connective kara-shite
からといって
just because ~
N2 connective kara-to-itte
からには
now that / since ~
N2 connective kara-ni-wa
からみて
judging from / from the perspective of ~
N2 connective kara-mite
からみると
from the viewpoint of ~
N2 connective kara-miru-to
がきっかけで
triggered by ~
N2 connective ga-kikkake-de
くせして
even though ~
N2 connective kuse-shite
ことだから
because it's ~ (knowing them)
N2 connective koto-dakara
ずにすむ
to get by without ~ing
N2 connective zu-ni-sumu
ていては
if one keeps ~ing
N2 connective te-ite-wa
というふうに
in the manner of ~
N2 connective to-iu-fuu-ni
ところに
right when ~
N2 connective tokoro-ni
どころか
far from ~ / on the contrary
N2 connective dokoroka
にしたら
from ~'s standpoint
N2 connective ni-shitara
はともかく
setting ~ aside
N2 connective wa-tomokaku
〜はもちろん
~ of course
N2 connective wa-mochiron
ものだから
because ~
N2 connective mono-dakara
ものですから
because ~ (polite explanation/excuse)
N2 connective mono-desu-kara
かぎりは
as long as / so far as ~
N2 connective kagiri-wa
おまけに
on top of that
N2 connective omake-ni
かといって
that said / but then again / even so
N2 connective ka-to-itte
さらに
furthermore
N2 connective sara-ni
しかも
moreover
N2 connective shika-mo
そういえば
now that you mention it
N2 connective sou-ieba
そのうえ
moreover
N2 connective sono-ue
そのうえに
on top of that
N2 connective sono-ue-ni
それなのに
and yet
N2 connective sore-nanoni
それにしても
even so
N2 connective sore-ni-shitemo
だからといって
even so / that doesn't necessarily mean ~
N2 connective dakara-to-itte
ちなみに
incidentally / by the way
N2 connective chinami-ni
ては
if/whenever ~ (then a bad result)
N2 connective te-wa
てはじめて
only after ~
N2 connective te-hajimete
というか
or rather
N2 connective to-iu-ka
ということは
that is to say
N2 connective to-iu-koto-wa
というのに
even though ~
N2 connective to-iu-noni
というような
such ~ as
N2 connective to-iu-youna
というように
in such a way as ~
N2 connective to-iu-youni
というよりは
rather than ~
N2 connective to-iu-yori-wa
といったら
speaking of ~
N2 connective to-ittara
といって
saying that ~
N2 connective to-itte
といっても
even though I say ~
N2 connective to-itte-mo
とともに
together with
N2 connective to-tomo-ni
となると
when it comes to ~
N2 connective to-naru-to
なしに
without ~ing
N2 connective nashi-ni
なにしろ
at any rate
N2 connective nanishiro
のことだから
since it's ~
N2 connective no-koto-da-kara
うえ(に)
in addition to ~
N2 connective ue-ni
ぎゃくに
conversely / on the contrary / the other way around
N2 connective gyaku-ni
ふうに
in the manner of / like ~
N2 adverbial fuu-ni
いきなり
suddenly / without warning
N2 adverbial ikinari
いつのまにか
before one knows it
N2 adverbial itsu-no-ma-ni-ka
いよいよ
at last / now the climax
N2 adverbial iyoiyo
うっかり
carelessly
N2 adverbial ukkari
かえって
on the contrary / rather / instead
N2 adverbial kaette
さすが
as expected (impressively)
N2 adverbial sasuga
さすがに
even ~ / understandably
N2 adverbial sasuga-ni
そもそも
in the first place
N2 adverbial somosomo
たちまち
in an instant
N2 adverbial tachimachi
ついに
finally / at last
N2 adverbial tsui-ni
とっくに
long ago / already
N2 adverbial tokku-ni
とりあえず
for now / first of all
N2 adverbial toriaezu
どうせ
anyway / after all (resigned)
N2 adverbial douse
どうにか
somehow / manage to
N2 adverbial dou-ni-ka
どうやら
apparently / it seems
N2 adverbial dou-yara
どちらかというと
if anything / rather / if you ask which
N2 adverbial dochira-ka-to-iu-to
どちらかといえば
if anything / if I had to choose / relatively speaking
N2 adverbial dochira-ka-to-ieba
ますます
increasingly
N2 adverbial masumasu
もうすこしで
almost
N2 adverbial mou-sukoshi-de
よほど
considerably
N2 adverbial yohodo
ろくに
not properly ~
N2 adverbial roku-ni-nai
いっさいない
not at all / not in the least ~
N2 adverbial issai-nai
いちおう
more or less / just in case
N2 adverbial ichiou
いっきに
in one go / all at once
N2 adverbial ikki-ni
まんがいち
in the unlikely event that ~
N2 adverbial man-ga-ichi
なにからなにまで
everything
N2 adverbial nani-kara-nani-made
なにしろ
at any rate
N2 adverbial nani-shiro
なんといっても
above all
N2 adverbial nan-to-ittemo
なにより
more than anything
N2 adverbial nani-yori
かならずしも
not necessarily / not always
N2 adverbial kanarazushimo
おもうように
as one wishes
N2 adverbial omou-you-ni
あきらかに
clearly / obviously
N2 adverbial akiraka-ni
あんがい
unexpectedly / surprisingly
N2 adverbial angai
まちがいなく
without doubt / definitely
N2 adverbial machigai-naku
がきになる
to be worried/curious about ~
N2 other ga-ki-ni-naru
にきをつける
to be careful about ~
N2 other ni-ki-o-tsukeru
をにまかせる
to leave ~ to ~
N2 other o-ni-makaseru
いかす
to make the most of ~
N2 other ikasu
がい
worth doing / the rewarding value of ~
N2 other kai-gai
じたい
itself / in itself
N2 other jitai
いわゆる
so-called / what is known as ~
N2 other iwayuru
なんらかの
some (kind of)
N2 other nanraka-no
なんらかの/なにかの
some (kind of) ~
N2 other nani-ka-no
にかかっている
depends on ~
N1 connective ni-kakatteiru
いずれにしても
in any case
N1 connective izure-ni-shitemo
おもいをする
to have a ~ experience/feeling
N1 other omoi-o-suru
なりに
in one's own way
N1 other nari-ni
なりに/なりの
in a way appropriate to ~
N1 other nari-ni-no
3 Less common, still useful 176 points
かい
casual sentence-final question particle
N4 particle kai
だら
colloquial conditional 'if it is ~'
N4 conditional dara
きける
can hear / can ask (potential of 聞く)
N4 modality kikeru
〜か〜かどちらか
either ~ or ~
N3 particle ka-ka-dochiraka
かね
sentence-final 'I wonder / right?'
N3 particle ka-ne
までで
up through (a point), and that is the cutoff
N3 particle made-de
ことなのだ
the fact is that ~
N3 modality koto-nano
てもしかたがない
there's no use ~ing
N3 modality temo-shikata-ga-nai
あいだは
during the time that ~ / as long as ~
N3 connective aida-wa
うちは
as long as ~
N3 connective uchi-wa
がち
tend to ~ / be prone to ~
N3 adverbial gachi
あまり
so much/so ~ that
N3 adverbial amari-2
めったにない
seldom ~
N3 adverbial metta-ni-nai
ぜんぶは〜ない
not all ~
N3 adverbial zenbu-wa-nai
またも
again
N3 adverbial mata-mo
のすがた
the figure/form of ~
N3 other no-sugata
ああした
that kind of ~
N3 other aa-shita
ふつうの
ordinary / usual / plain ~
N3 other futsu-no
さいごまで
until the very end
N3 other saigo-made
〜や〜や
things like ~ and ~
N2 particle ya-ya
〜やら〜やら
what with ~ and ~
N2 particle yara-yara
それは
as for that / that's really ~
N2 particle sore-wa
とも
of course / certainly (emphatic)
N2 particle tomo
にかぎって
of all ~ / (precisely) this one
N2 particle ni-kagitte
やら
something or other / I wonder ~
N2 particle yara
sentence-final わ (soft emphasis, traditionally feminine)
N2 particle wa-3
ばほどいい
the more ~, the better
N2 conditional ba-hodo-yoi
たりしたら
if
N2 conditional tari-shitara
ないことには
unless ~
N2 conditional nai-koto-ni-wa
ものなら
if one could (by any chance) ~
N2 conditional mono-nara
たまえ
do ~
N2 auxiliary tamae
てみせる
do ~ to show / I'll show you I can ~
N2 auxiliary te-miseru
だけ(のこと)だ
it's simply a matter of ~ / that's all
N2 modality dake-no-koto-da
だけのことはある
no wonder ~ / ~ lives up to its reputation
N2 modality dake-no-koto-wa-aru
だけましだ
at least ~ is better (than the worse alternative)
N2 modality dake-mashi-da
のももっともだ
it's only natural that ~
N2 modality no-mo-mottomo-da
ほどのことはない
it's not so much as to ~ / not worth ~ing
N2 modality hodo-no-koto-wa-nai
ものか
(emphatic rhetorical) there's no way ~!
N2 modality mono-ka
よりしかたがない
have no choice but to ~
N2 modality yori-shikata-ga-nai
たらいいのだが
I wish ~
N2 modality tara-ii-no-da-ga
てはいられない
can't afford to keep ~ing
N2 modality te-wa-irarenai
どれほどことか
how much ~!
N2 modality dorehodo-koto-ka
どんなにことか
how very ~!
N2 modality donnani-koto-ka
ないこともない
it's not impossible to/that ~
N2 modality nai-koto-mo-nai
ないことも/はない
it is not that ~ never (happens)
N2 modality nai-koto-mo-wa-nai
ないでもない
it's not that ~ isn't so
N2 modality nai-de-mo-nai
なくもない
it's not that there isn't ~
N2 modality naku-mo-nai
ましだ
is preferable
N2 modality mashida
もうすこし/ちょっとで〜するところ
was on the verge of ~
N2 modality mou-sukoshi-de-suru-tokoro
などとは
(quoting) something like ~
N2 quotation nado-to-wa
よう
〜よう: a way/means of doing (やりよう)
N2 nominalizer you
のなさ
the lack/absence of ~
N2 nominalizer no-nasa
every time
N2 connective to-itsu-de-mo
かとおもえば
just when one thought ~ / no sooner... than
N2 connective ka-to-omoeba
がけに
on the way / just as one is ~ing
N2 connective gake-ni
ことは〜が
it is true that ~, but ~
N2 connective koto-wa-ga
だけあって
as one would expect of ~ / fittingly ~
N2 connective dake-atte
だけに
precisely because ~
N2 connective dake-ni
だけのことはあって
as befits ~ / fittingly because ~
N2 connective dake-no-koto-wa-atte
てでも
even by ~ / even if it means ~
N2 connective te-demo
てはては
repeatedly ~ing and ~ing
N2 connective tewa-tewa
ところをみると
judging from the fact that ~
N2 connective tokoro-o-miru-to
にかけては
when it comes to ~ / as for ~
N2 connective ni-kakete-wa
にしてもにしても
whether ~ or ~
N2 connective ni-shitemo-ni-shitemo
も〜ば
~ and also ~
N2 connective mo-ba
もし〜もする
both does ~ and ~
N2 connective mo-shi-mo
そこで
at that point
N2 connective soko-de-2
それが
actually ~ / but (against expectation)
N2 connective sore-ga
それどころか
far from it
N2 connective sore-dokoroka
それも
and that too / and what's more
N2 connective sore-mo
とかで
because of something like ~ (reported reason)
N2 connective toka-de
ないでも
even without ~ing
N2 connective nai-de-mo
まだしも
~ would be one thing (acceptable), but
N2 connective madashimo
おもえば
thinking back
N2 connective omoeba
しゅんかんに
the moment that ~
N2 connective shunkan-ni
だいいち
first of all / for one thing / to begin with
N2 connective daiichi
いってみれば
so to speak / as it were
N2 connective itte-mireba
いかにも
indeed / truly / certainly
N2 adverbial ikanimo
いつもはない
not always / not usually ~
N2 adverbial itsumo-wa-nai
そうした
such
N2 adverbial sou-shita
そのもの
itself
N2 adverbial sono-mono
ただの
mere
N2 adverbial tada-no
どういうわけだか
for some reason / somehow
N2 adverbial dou-iu-wake-da-ka
どうしてだか
for some reason / somehow
N2 adverbial doushite-da-ka
どこまでも
thoroughly / to the very end / persistently
N2 adverbial doko-made-mo
みんなはない
not everyone/everything ~
N2 adverbial minna-wa-nai
ひとつ
(adverbial) for one thing / kindly
N2 adverbial hitotsu
いまさら
now
N2 adverbial imasara
かりに
supposing / hypothetically / for argument's sake
N2 adverbial kari-ni
わずか
only
N2 adverbial wazuka
わりあい
comparatively
N2 adverbial wariai
おもいきって
boldly
N2 adverbial omoikitte
おもわず
involuntarily
N2 adverbial omowazu
どうし
among / between fellow ~ / each other
N2 other doushi
ふうの
~-style / ~-like / in the manner of ~
N2 other fu-no
れいの
that (we both know about)
N2 other rei-no
すませる
to finish/settle (something)
N2 other sumaseru
すむ
to be finished
N2 other sumu
じぶん
自分 used as a personal 'I/me'
N2 other jibun-2
ぐるみ
the whole ~ together
N1 particle gurumi
ずくめ
all ~
N1 particle zukume
〜だの〜だの
things like ~ and ~
N1 particle da-no-da-no
なり〜なり
whether ~ or ~
N1 particle nari-nari
のやら
I wonder ~ (uncertainty
N1 particle no-yara
のやらのやら
whether ~ or ~
N1 particle no-yara-no-yara
そこを
(do it) despite that
N1 particle soko-o
くらいなら
rather than ~
N1 conditional kurai-nara
たらところだ
if ~ had happened, then ~ would have
N1 conditional tara-tokoro-da
たらさいご
once you ~, there's no going back
N1 conditional tara-saigo
ばそれまでだ
if ~, then that's the end of it
N1 conditional ba-sore-made-da
じみた
tinged with ~
N1 auxiliary jimita
そびれる
to miss the chance to ~
N1 auxiliary sobireru
ぶる
to put on airs of ~
N1 auxiliary buru
まくる
to do ~ vigorously, relentlessly, or over and over
N1 auxiliary makuru
くらいのものだ
~ is about the only one/extent
N1 modality kurai-no-mono-da
ずじまい
ended up not ~ing
N1 modality zu-jimai
たことにする
to pretend that ~ happened
N1 modality ta-koto-ni-suru
たつもりはない
didn't mean to ~
N1 modality ta-tsumori-wa-nai
たまでだ
merely ~ed (and nothing more)
N1 modality ta-made-da
ためしがない
it has never once happened that ~
N1 modality tameshi-ga-nai
だろうに
surely ~, and yet
N1 modality darou-ni
てもどうにもならない
even if ~, nothing can be done about it
N1 modality temo-dou-ni-mo-naranai
てもしらない
if you ~, I won't be responsible
N1 modality temo-shiranai
てかなわない
unbearably ~
N1 modality te-kanawanai
でもなんでもない
not ~ in the least
N1 modality demo-nan-demo-nai
というところ
about ~
N1 modality to-iu-tokoro
とはくらべものにならない
cannot be compared with ~
N1 modality towa-kurabemono-ni-naranai
どころのはなしではない
it's not a matter of ~ / far from it
N1 modality dokoro-no-hanashi-de-wa-nai
ないものか
isn't there some way to ~?
N1 modality nai-mono-ka
にはむりがある
~ is unreasonable / unrealistic
N1 modality ni-wa-muri-ga-aru
にもほどがある
there's a limit to ~
N1 modality nimo-hodo-ga-aru
ほうがましだ
would rather ~
N1 modality hou-ga-mashi-da
ほどのことではない
it's not worth ~ing
N1 modality hodo-no-koto-dewa-nai
ものとおもっていた
had assumed (mistakenly) that ~
N1 modality mono-to-omotte-ita
もどうぜんだ
practically ~
N1 modality mo-douzen-da
るまでだ
will simply ~ (if it comes to that)
N1 modality ru-made-da
きりがない
there's no end to ~
N1 modality kiri-ga-nai
はめになる
to end up stuck in
N1 modality hame-ni-naru
にもない
cannot ~ even if one wants to
N1 modality nimo-nai
それまでだ
that's the end of it
N1 modality sore-made-da
たくても〜ない
even if one wants to ~,
N1 modality takute-mo-nai
てばかりはいられない
can't keep just ~ing
N1 modality te-bakari-wa-irarenai
かとおもいきや
just when one thought ~, contrary to expectation ~
N1 connective ka-to-omoikiya
ことだし
since ~ (and also...)
N1 connective koto-dashi
じゃあるまいし
it's not as though ~ / since it isn't ~
N1 connective ja-aru-mai-shi
そばから
no sooner than ~
N1 connective soba-kara
たらたで
even if/when ~ turns out, that brings its own issue
N1 connective tara-tade
たはずみに
the moment ~
N1 connective ta-hazumi-ni
ではあるまいし
it's not as if ~
N1 connective dewa-arumai-shi
といいといい
both ~ and ~
N1 connective to-ii-to-ii
といおうか
or should I say ~
N1 connective to-iou-ka
ならで
if it's ~ then
N1 connective nara-de
ならまだしも
if it were ~ that would be one thing, but
N1 connective nara-madashimo
にしてみれば
from ~'s point of view
N1 connective ni-shite-mireba
にいわせれば
if you ask ~
N1 connective ni-iwasereba
もしないで
without even ~ing
N1 connective mo-shinai-de
ようによっては
depending on how
N1 connective you-ni-yotte-wa
をいいことに
taking advantage of ~
N1 connective o-ii-koto-ni
さもないと
otherwise
N1 connective samonaito
そうかといって
even so
N1 connective sou-ka-to-itte
それでいて
and yet
N1 connective sore-de-ite
ときたら
when it comes to ~
N1 connective to-kitara
それなりに
in its own way
N1 adverbial sore-nari-ni
たかが
merely
N1 adverbial takaga
どうかすると
sometimes / apt to / if things go a certain way
N1 adverbial dou-ka-suru-to
どうにも
(with negative) just can't
N1 adverbial dou-nimo
どうにもない
can't possibly ~ / there's no way to ~
N1 adverbial dou-ni-mo-nai
なおさら
all the more
N1 adverbial naosara
まるっきり
completely
N1 adverbial marukkiri
へたに
carelessly / ill-advisedly / clumsily
N1 adverbial hetani
ちゅうとはんぱ
halfway / incompletely / half-heartedly
N1 adverbial chuto-hanpa
みるからに
obviously
N1 adverbial miru-kara-ni
といったらない
indescribably ~ / extremely ~
N1 other to-ittara-nai
ども
humble/derogatory pluralizing suffix for people
N1 other domo
なみ
on a par with
N1 other nami
まみれ
covered/smeared all over with ~
N1 other mamire

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